GMCSF Elisa
Test Code
GMCSE
Description
Collect
Red top tube or SST
Patient Prep
None
Pediatric Collection
0.5 mL
Unacceptable Conditions
Clotted or hemolyzed samples, plasma
Storage Transport Temp
Send serum Priority Overnight via FedEx and in a well insulated container with an ice pack or frozen on dry ice.
Stability
2-8°C for 48 hours, >1 month at -70°C
Performed
Mon-Fri
Methodology
ELISA followed by confirmation by flow cytometry.
Turnaround Time
14 days
Department
Immunology Lab - Functional Assay
Synonyms
PAP, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, intracellular infection, GMCSFA
Related Tests
IFNGAB
Reference Interval
Negative
Interpretation
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoetic cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Neutralization of GM-CSF activity can therefore impair the development and/or function of these cell types.
Neutralizing anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies are associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare lung disease that is characterized by the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant from the alveolar lung spaces. Additionally, anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies have been noted in patients with opportunistic infections with intracellular organisms such as M. avium complex, Cryptococcus, Nocardia and Aspergillus species. It is possible that neutralization of GM-CSF in vivo leads to compromised macrophage function which is a key component of the immune response to intracellular organisms.
Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies are detected by an initial screening ELISA. If the result is positive, the test reflexes to a flow cytometry assay to determine the ability of the autoantibody to neutralize GM-CSF. Low titer, non-neutralizing autoantibodies may be detected in healthy individuals. Clinically significant anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies are reported when both the ELISA and the abilty to neutralize GM-CSF are positive.
References:
Kitamura, T., et al. Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1999; 190:875-880.
Bonfield, T. L., et al. Anti-GM-CSF titer predicts response to GM-CSF therapy in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Clinical Immunology. 2002; 105:342-350.
Rosen, L. B., et al. Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Journal of Immunology. 2013; 190:3959-3966
CPT Code
83516- ELISA
86353,88184,88185- Flow reflex